A failure-to-hire case recently decided by the U.S. 7th Circuit Court of Appeals (which covers Illinois, Indiana, and Wisconsin employers) demonstrates the importance of the pretext analysis in defeating discrimination and retaliation claims. In such cases, the 7th Circuit requires employees to prove pretext (i.e., a cover-up for discriminatory or retaliatory motives). The court focused its entire discussion on the pretext issue, finding it was determinative of the outcome of the employee's timely discrimination and retaliation claims.